Addition of Scrap and DRI/HBI to the Blast Furnace

In this paper, the maximum amount of DRI and scrap that can be added to a blast furnace operation and the related carbon dioxide savings are estimated, and hot N2 injection to the mid-stack to increase top gas temperature to allow for higher DRI/scrap additions is considered.

Blast furnace | Definition, Temperature, Diagrams, …

Blast furnace, a vertical shaft furnace that produces liquid metals by the reaction of a flow of air introduced under pressure into the bottom of the furnace with a mixture of metallic ore, coke, and flux fed into the top. Blast …

Numerical Investigation of Blast Furnace …

One approach to reduce CO2 emission in the steelmaking industry is to recycle scrap to the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BF/BOF) production system. This paper performed a numerical investigation on the BF …

23.3: Metallurgy of Iron and Steel

Figure (PageIndex{1}): A Blast Furnace for Converting Iron Oxides to Iron Metal. (a) The furnace is charged with alternating layers of iron ore (largely Fe 2 O 3) and a mixture of coke (C) and limestone (CaCO 3). Blasting hot air into the mixture from the bottom causes it to ignite, producing CO and raising the temperature of the lower part ...

What is steel and how is steel made?

Most steel in Europe is produced via two basic routes: The Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF) route and the Electric Arc Furnace route (EAF). Blast furnaces produce iron from iron ore. In a second step a basic oxygen converter turns iron, with some additions of scrap, into steel. Electric Arc Furnaces produce steel mostly from scrap ...

Fact sheet Energy use in the steel industry

ore and coal used, the steel product mix, operation control technology, and material efficiency. • Energy is also consumed indirectly for the mining, preparation, and transportation of raw materials. In the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route, this accounts for about 9% of the total energy required to

Electric Arc Furnaces vs. Blast Furnaces | Service Steel

Power supply – blast furnaces primarily use coke to supply the energy needed to heat up the metal, while EAFs use electricity to accomplish this. Environmental impact – because of the fuels used for each, EAFs can produce up to 85% less carbon dioxide than blast furnaces.

Numerical Investigation of Blast Furnace Operation with Scrap …

One approach to reduce CO2 emission in the steelmaking industry is to recycle scrap to the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BF/BOF) production system. This paper performed a numerical investigation on the BF operation with scrap charging. The investigated BF was with an inner volume of 820 m3, producing 2950 tons of hot metal per day (tHM/d). The …

Blast Furnace Ironmaking

Because of the high hydrogen content, every ton of plastics used in the blast furnace could replace approximately 750 kg of coke, thus reducing the CO 2 emissions by 30% [202, 203]. ... EAF process uses steel scrap in general, however, in some plants significant share of direct reduced iron (DRI) is used. Further, solid pig iron is used as ...

thyssenkrupp Explores Greater Scrap Use in Blast Furnaces

05/19/2021 - thyssenkrupp Steel and a German scrap recycler will together test a new process that could allow greater quantities of scrap to be used in blast furnace production, reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

This technology could transform one of the world's dirtiest

Around $500 million of funding is set to go to Cleveland-Cliffs, an Ohio-based steel manufacturer, which said it will replace the existing blast furnace at its Middletown plant with a "hydrogen ...

Steel

Steel - Basic Oxygen, Refining, Alloying: More than half the world's steel is produced in the basic oxygen process (BOP), which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blast-furnace iron and scrap into steel. The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is a refractory-lined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, water-cooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen …

Blast furnace

The Blast furnace performs a similar function to the Smelter, although it cannot smelt the ores that the Smelter can. The Blast furnace is used to process certain raw materials into Metal using Coal as fuel. Materials that can be smelted are: Black metal scrap Flametal ore The Blast furnace uses approximately 1 Coal every 15 seconds as fuel. It takes 30 seconds[1] to produce one bar of …

Scrap use in the steel industry

In blast furnace (BF) steelmaking, each charge of the basic oxygen furnace, in which carbon carbon-rich pig iron is refined into crude steel, typically contains 15%-25% scrap. Scrap acts …

Steel production costs in blast furnaces

This data-file breaks down the costs of steel from blast furnaces, across a dozen input variables, such as capex, opex, iron ore prices, coke prices, coal prices, gas prices, electricity prices, limestone prices, labor rates and tax regimes.

By-products, scrap and the circular economy

Making one tonne of crude primary steel with the typical blast furnace/basic oxygen method takes 1,400 kg of iron ore, 800 kg of coal, 300 kg of limestone, and 120 kg of recycled steel.

Smelting practice of scrap addition in blast furnace and …

The iron input from scrap-iron only needs to be melted in a blast furnace requiring no reduction reaction, which minimizes the energy and carbon-bearing material demands (DENG et al., 2020).

1 Numerical Investigation of Blast Furnace Operation …

The traditional blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BF/BOF) 30 route produces approximately 72 % of total crude steel and consumes plenty of energy in the entire 31 process [3].

Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals Extracting iron

In the blast furnace, it is so hot that carbon monoxide can be used, in place of carbon, to reduce the iron(III) oxide: iron(III) oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide Fe 2 O 3 (s ...

Why Chinese steelmakers are using less scrap in their blast

Our research shows that scrap can be charged up to a maximum of ~10% of the Fe burden without disrupting operational stability, equivalent to ~100 kg/thm. At this level of scrap …

Steel's green revolution: EAF vs. Blast furnaces

They use electricity to melt scrap steel, bypassing the need for coke. The average CO2 intensity for EAF using direct reduced iron (DRI) methods is 1.37 tons per ton of steel. But the true environment-friendly is the full scrap charge approach, which slashes emissions to a mere 0.68 tons per ton of steel.

By-products, scrap and the circular economy

Making one tonne of crude primary steel with the typical blast furnace/basic oxygen method takes 1,400 kg of iron ore, 800 kg of coal, 300 kg of limestone, and 120 kg of recycled steel. At the same time, for every tonne of endlessly recyclable steel that is made at an integrated steelworks, 600kg of valuable by-products are also produced for ...

Steel scrap becomes high-quality recycled raw material for use in blast

The use of scrap-based recyled material in the blast furnace is an important step in this direction which also benefits our customers". For the use of recycled products in the blast furnace allows to achieve and report a reduction of the CO 2 intensity from 2.1 of 0.75 tonnes in balance sheet terms.

Blast Furnace to EAF Transition: Navigating …

Scrap based EAF steelmaking offers the most significant reduction of carbon emissions compared to BF-BOF processes, with direct CO2 emissions being at least 30 lower than BF-BOF at around 0.3 CO2 (t)/t steel …

Pedal to the Metal 2024

transition as secondary, scrap-based steelmaking via EAF alone is not enough to meet global needs for steel. DRI makes up 36% of develop- ... with BOF steelmaking capacity in the GSPT use blast furnace technology, meaning that BOF capacity is often used as a metric of coal-based steelmaking. Additional ironmaking technologies (Corex, HIsarna,

Basic Oxygen Furnace: Most Efficient Technologies for Greenhouse

The availability and market value of scrap, as well as the required steel specification, also influence the quantity of scrap used. However, increasing scrap melting in the BOF may or may not decrease energy if the "invested" energy in the scrap is considered (Fruehan et al. 2000). Scrap can also be charged into the blast furnace.

(PDF) Numerical Investigation of Blast Furnace …

One approach to reduce CO2 emission in the steelmaking industry is to recycle scrap to the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BF/BOF) production system. This paper performed a numerical ...

Low-carbon production of iron and steel: Technology options, economic

Secondary steel production using mainly steel scrap in electric arc furnace (EAF-scrap) is 24% of global production and has both the lowest energy consumption and is technically simplest to decarbonize through electrification but is limited in market share to recycled steel capacity. ... Bioreducer use in Finnish blast furnace ironmaking ...

Addition of Scrap and DRI/HBI to the Blast Furnace — …

The use of scrap in blast furnace burdens U.S. blast furnaces have charged various forms of ferrous scrap to increase hot metal production. The scrap is usually low grade with 75-85% metallic Fe, the balance being FeO and other products of scrap oxidation. The scrap must be …

Exploring Steel Production: Blast Furnace vs. Electric Arc Furnace

The article provides an overview of the two main steelmaking routes blast furnace BF and electric arc furnace EAF, detailing their processes, economic considerations, environmental impacts, and technological advancements. ... The quality of the scrap used can influence the energy consumption and the purity of the steel produced. Contaminated ...

Blast Furnace

Industrial gas covers blast furnace gas from steel production and coke oven gas. The results cited here are based on the mix of blast furnace gas and coke oven gas used for electricity production in UCTE around year 2000. Due to its high CO 2 content, blast furnace gas has high CO 2 emission factors of 90 to 260 g/MJ burned gas. Emission ...

Blast Furnace to EAF Transition: Navigating Challenges and …

In 2020, only 9% of China's crude steel was produced via EAFs, highlighting a significant opportunity for increased scrap use as the Chinese economy matures 8. [1] Weighted average takes into account the relative percentages (DRI and scrap) of global steel production by EAF. Main Challenges of the Blast Furnace to EAF Transition