Most Common Copper Minerals

Copper minerals can be broadly classified into sulfide minerals, oxide minerals, and native copper. The most common copper mineral is chalcopyrite, a sulfide mineral that contains about 34% copper by weight. Other important copper minerals include bornite, chalcocite, and malachite. These minerals can occur in a wide range of geological settings, …

Chalcocite

Review on the application and research progress of chalcopyrite materials in the field of energy storage. Xiaofan Fu, ... Wei Dong, in Journal of Energy Storage, 2024. 2.1.1 The ore-forming mechanism of natural CuFeS 2. Natural chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral with a chemical formula of CuFeS 2.Natural chalcopyrite is a copper-iron sulfide mineral with the …

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Mechanisms of …

A thermodynamic and kinetic model is proposed to explain the formation of bornite, chalcopyrite, and magnetite during partial roasting of enargite-containing copper concentrates. The proposed mechanism involves solid–solid–gas and solid–gas reactions between chalcocite, pyrrhotite, gaseous sulfur, and oxygen. Bornite formation could be explained through a …

Copper (I) sulfide

Preparation and reactions. Cu 2 S can be prepared by treating copper with sulfur or H 2 S. [2] The rate depends on the particle size and temperature. [5] Cu 2 S reacts with oxygen to form SO 2: [6]. 2 Cu 2 S + 3 O 2 → 2 Cu 2 O + 2 SO 2. The production of copper from chalcocite is a typical process in extracting the metal from ores. Usually, the conversion involves …

Geology of the Las Luces deposit

CHALCOCITE: Chalcocite, or copper sulfide, is a …

England, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Australia, Namibia, China, Russia, Germany, and the United ... CHALCOCITE: Chalcocite, or copper sulfide, is a secondary mineral that forms mainly below the oxidation zones of copper deposi Author: Steve Created Date: 12/4/2014 2:23:56 PM ...

Geologic map and distribution of the main …

Copper sulfides are represented by chalcocite (hypogene and supergene), bornite, covellite, and chalco- pyrite, whereas Cu oxides predominantly include atacamite and chrysocolla.

Geology of the Altamira and Las Luces deposits, Coastal …

Sulfide mineralization is represented mainly by pyrite, chalcopyrite, and a bornite– "chalcocite" assemblage. Chalcopyrite is relatively minor and can replace early pyrite. In …

Producing Copper Nature's Way: Bioleaching

Further, through the use of biooxidation, it is now possible to leach many of the copper sulfide minerals present in the ore. While chalcopyrite remains refractory to ambient temperature bioleaching, other copper sulfide minerals - the …

Copper Concentrates

CODELCO-Chile Huerfanos 1270, Piso 11 Santiago Chile Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold 333 N. Central Ave. 85004, Phoenix Arizona Glencore ... as well as on important pure copper minerals (chalcopyrite, chalcocite, digenite, bornite, covellite, enargite and tennantite). The environmental degradability of the released metal ions were assessed following

Current Status of Copper-Ore Processing: A Review

Leaders in copper ore processing include Chile, Peru, the United States, Australia, China, Russia, Mexico, Kazakhstan, Zambia, and Congo. Chile ... chalcopyrite, bornite, covellite, chalcocite, quartz, carbonates, plagioclases, and aluminosilicate clays. The initial content of copper in the ores is 0.3%, but the concentrate is expected to ...

The Effect of Aeration on Chalcocite Heap Leaching

The Effect of Aeration on Copper Leaching Kinetics. Figure 2 shows the copper concentration in the PLS and the cumulative extraction with and without aeration. Despite the lower cyanide soluble copper grade and larger particle size in the heap with aeration, which are unfavorable conditions for leaching, the aerated heap yielded PLS with a higher copper …

Sustainable Use of Copper Resources: Beneficiation of Low-Grade Copper …

is enriched with chalcocite and bornite as copper sulphide minerals with a liberation size of 105 µm (80% of mass). From the flotation results (Figure 10), it is observed that Nussir

Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, …

In 2014, Chile and Peru, as two big copper producers in the world, produced 42% and 33% of the worldwide copper through bioleaching, respectively [52], [53].Pilot bioleaching plants have been well established worldwide, and most of them have similar optimal operating parameters, including moderate temperature usually below 50 °C, redox potential value …

Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media-A Review

In Chile, for example, copper oxides that are processed by this route currently represent 30.8 % of the country's production and are projected to decline to 12 % of the production by 2027 [2 ...

Geology of the Chuquicamata Mine: A Progress Report

Chuquicamata, in northern Chile, is the world's greatest copper orebody. It was controlled, from the initial intrusions (probably at 36–33 Ma) through mineralization (last major …

Geology of the Chuquicamata Mine: A Progress Report

Chuquicamata, in northern Chile, is the world's greatest copper orebody. It was controlled, from the initial intrusions (probably at 36-33 Ma) through mineralization (last major hydrothermal event ...

The kinetics of dissolution of synthetic covellite, chalcocite …

The methodology used in the present manuscript to evaluate the extraction of copper from chalcocite has also been used for other copper minerals, as for example, in the study carried out by Pérez ...

The EI Salvador Porphyry Copper Deposit

the base of the leached zone is an extensive 'blanket' of chalcocite miner­ alization, covering and extending beyond, the underlying primary sulphide mineralization. Size and Grade The mine was started on reserves of 270 Mt containing 1'6% copper, but this included only the richer ore in the chalcocite blanket because of the

(PDF) Ore mineralogy, fluid inclusion, and stable isotopic

The major copper sulfides are pyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, idaite, bornite, covellite, and digenite associated mainly with hydroxide carbonate (malachite), oxide (hematite, magnetite, and ...

El Tesoro Exotic Copper Deposit, Antofagasta Region, …

The El Tesoro exotic copper deposit is located approximately 70 km south of Chuquicamata, northern Chile. Prior to the involvement of Anaconda Chile S.A. (Anaconda) in …

Copper Bioleaching Operations in Chile: Towards New

Spence is operated exclusively by BHP, and has produced copper cathodes by microbial leaching. The deposit contains reserves of copper oxides (1.14% Cu, mainly as atacamite; Cu 2 Cl(OH) 3) and copper sulfide ores (1.12% Cu, primarily supergene chalcocite and some minor amounts of covellite; CuS).These are mined and processed separately, as …

A comprehensive analytical model for copper extraction from chalcocite …

A comprehensive analytical model for copper extraction from chalcocite in chloride media Manuel Saldaña; Manuel Saldaña a) 1. Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Arturo Prat ... Hacia una relación integral y sustentable de la industria minera en Chile," Centro de Estudios del Cobre y la Minería, Santiago, 2013. 5. COCHILCO,

Top 10: Copper Mining Companies in Chile

It is the world's largest copper producer and is responsible for a significant portion of Chile's copper output. It operates numerous copper mining divisions in Chile. These include: Chuquicamata (380,000 tonnes), El Teniente (440,000 tonnes), Andina (230,000 tonnes), Radomiro Tomic (350,000 tonnes), and Salvador (60,000 tonnes).

Genesis of the exotic chrysocolla copper pitch/wad …

Copper mobilized downwards by ARD below the water table may reprecipitate as covellite and chalcocite–digen-ite–djurleite in a reducing environment. This enrichment ("chalcocite blanket") is recognized in numerous porphyry deposits, including at the Chuquicamata porphyry copper deposit (Ossandón et al. 2001; Pinget 2016).

(PDF) Leaching of Pure Chalcocite with Reject Brine and …

Copper oxides processed by hydrometallurgy are becoming increasingly scarce in Chile (from 30.8% in 2015 to 12% in 2027), while copper sulphides are being found in more significant amounts [6] [7 ...

Age of mineralization by basinal fluids at the El Soldado …

The most comprehensive geochronological studies of El Soldado, using 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, K/Ar and Rb/Sr methods, were published by Munizaga et al. (1988) and Boric and Munizaga (1994).Plagioclase, primarily albite, which was interpreted to be related to copper mineralization, gave a wide range of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar plateau ages between 103 and 131 Ma. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages …

Chalcocite ‣ GEOLOGY HUB

Chalcocite, also known as copper (I) sulfide (Cu₂S), is one of the most important copper ores for economic mining and geology studies. It is a highly valuable mineral due to its rich copper content, and understanding its properties, …

Hypogene enrichment in Miduk porphyry copper ore …

Porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) are known as low grade-high volume copper resources that supply about 75% world copper 1 in the mining industry. The deposits typically formed by magmatic ...

ndida Mine in Chile- One of the largest copper mines in …

ndida open-pit mine in Chile is one of the largest copper mines in the world. The mine has been operating continuously since commencing production in late 1990. ... Supergene zone minerals include copper mineral chalcocite with lesser covellite and chalcopyrite occurring with iron sulphide mineral pyrite. Mineral Resource Estimate. A ...

Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media A Review

* Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +56-975387250 Abstract: Chalcocite is the most abundant secondary copper sulfide globally, with the highest copper content, and is easily treated by conventional hydrometallurgical processes, making it a very ... to dissolve copper from chalcocite, several investigations for the leaching of this mineral

The conductivity of chalcocite, the richest copper sulphide

Chalcocite manifests a good, but not excellent, mesoscale conductivity at least for the samples in this limited test. More needs to be done not only on chalcocite, but on the chalcocite family, which includes the little studied, copper deficient variants: digenite Cu 9 S 5 (78.1% Cu), djurleite Cu 31 S 16 (79.4% Cu), and perhaps anilite Cu 7 S ...

Leaching of Pure Chalcocite in a Chloride Media …

Chalcocite is the most important and abundant secondary copper ore in the world with a rapid dissolution of copper in an acid-chloride environment. In this investigation, the methodology of surface optimization will be applied to …

Leaching of Pure Chalcocite with Reject Brine and …

Chalcocite (Cu2S) has the fastest kinetics of dissolution of Cu in chlorinated media of all copper sulfide minerals. Chalcocite has been identified as having economic interest due to its abundance, although the water necessary for its …

Pleistocene recycling of copper at a porphyry system, …

We present Cu isotope data of hypogene and supergene minerals from the Late Paleocene Spence Cu-Mo porphyry in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Chalcopyrite displays a …

(PDF) Genesis of the exotic chrysocolla — "copper pitch/wad

A Transmitted light, plane-polarized, sample MC41, massive chrysocolla–copper pitch cross-cut by atacamite and gypsum veins. B Transmitted light, plane-polarized, sample MC41, chrysocolla ...

Chalcocite

Copper is widely distributed in the environment; present mainly in minerals as sulphides, oxides, or carbonates, with the major ores being chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2), chalcocite (Cu 2 S), cuprite (Cu 2 O), and malachite (Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2). Copper was the first metal to be worked by human societies and is thought to have been mined for around 5000 ...

Optimal conditions for ammonia leaching of …

to leach the copper/chalcocite from the pyrite particles, using ammonia in the presence of air (Ntuli et al., 2011), so that the freed pyrite could be depressed in a subsequent high pH flotation bath. Ammonia solution as a leaching medium for base metals can be considered as an excellent alternative to acidic

Origins of Chalcocite Defined by Copper …

Conclusions Despite the chemical complexity of the systems from which chalcocite is produced, copper isotope values in chalcocite provide a means by which the three major sources of chalcocite may be diferentiated: (1) 65 Cu …