Formation of Calcium Ferrite Containing …

Calcium ferrite containing aluminum (CFA) is a precursor of the low-temperature bonding phase in the sintering process of iron ore fines for blast furnace ironmaking. Thus, improving the formation of CFA at lower …

Iron Ore Sintering: Quality Indices

Iron Ore Sintering: Quality Indices D. Fernández-González, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, J. Mochón, C. González-Gasca & L. F. ... analysis, determination of the mineral phases in its structure, apart from ...

Theory and Practice of Sintering of Iron ore – IspatGuru

Fig 6 Sequence of formation of phases during iron ore sintering. The sintering reactions consist of melt formation and assimilation reactions (Fig 7). A relevant starting point was a pseudo-particle consisting of a large core particle (nucleus) and a coating layer of adhering fines and fluxes. Fig 7 (i) represent the basic structure of pseudo ...

Silico-ferrite of Calcium and Aluminum (SFCA) Iron Ore Sinter …

The formation of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) and SFCA-I iron ore sinter phases during heating and cooling of synthetic iron ore sinter mixtures in the range 298 K to 1623 K (25 °C to 1350 °C) and at oxygen partial pressure of 5 × 10 −3 atm has been characterized using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. SFCA and SFCA-I are the key …

Changes of Mineral Phases during the Sintering of Iron Ore …

In order to elucidate the fundamental aspects of the sintering processes of self-fluxing sinters, the mineral formation processes of mixtures of iron ore and lime stone with or without coke were studied. After heating between 1200° and 1350°C the sinters were examined by microscopy, X-ray diffraction and EPMA.The results indicated that the mineral formation processes of the …

Quantitative Analysis of Mineral Phases in Iron-ore Sinter …

Analysis techniques for quantifying crystal structures of mineral phases and their fractions in iron ore sinters have been developed using the Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns and ...

Iron ore sintering

Like other sintering processes, iron ore sintering converts iron ore fines of often − 8 mm sizing into larger agglomerates, namely, sinter, between 5 and 50 mm particle size, which possess the physical and metallurgical characteristics and gas permeability required for efficient blast furnace operation.As shown in Figure 14.1, iron ore sintering is carried out in three …

Chemical compositions of iron ores. | Download Scientific …

[6][7][8][9][10] [11] [12][13] Choudhar et al. 7,8) studied the effect of the Al 2 O 3 content in iron ore powder on the sintered ore phase, and the results showed that the structure of the silico ...

Minerals | Special Issue : Mineralogy of Iron Ore Sinters

Iron ore sintering is a high temperature process which converts iron ore fines (<6–8 mm in size, too small for direct feed into the blast furnace) into larger agglomerates containing bonding phases, unmelted nuclei and pores. ... (SFCA) is one of the most commonly-produced phases in fluxed iron-ore sintering, and has long been regarded as an ...

(PDF) Ore Assimilation and Secondary Phases by Sintering …

Minerals. During the iron ore sintering process, two types of particles are present in the sinter bed: (1) fines, which are actively taking part in melting and the formation of secondary phases, and (2) coarse ores, which are partially interacting with the surrounding melt.

Automated Optical Image Analysis of Iron Ore Sinter

Sinter quality is a key element for stable blast furnace operation. Sinter strength and reducibility depend considerably on the mineral composition and associated textural features. During sinter optical image analysis (OIA), it is important to distinguish different morphologies of the same mineral such as primary/secondary hematite, and types of silico-ferrite of calcium …

A Short Review of the Effect of Iron Ore Selection …

The strength and reducibility properties of iron ore sinter are obtained by liquid phase sintering. The silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) is the main bonding phase found in modern iron ore sinters.

(PDF) Iron ore sintering. Part 1. Theory and practice of the sintering

Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be ...

Ore Assimilation and Secondary Phases by …

During the iron ore sintering process, two types of particles are present in the sinter bed: (1) fines, which are actively taking part in melting and the formation of secondary phases, and (2) coarse ores, which are partially …

A Short Review of the Effect of Iron Ore Selection …

The strength and reducibility properties of iron ore sinter are obtained by liquid phase sintering. The silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) is the main bonding phase found in modern...

Mineralogical characteristics, metallurgical properties and phase

In order to study the sintering characteristics of Ca-rich iron ore, chemical analysis, laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, XRD-Rietveld method, and micro-sintering were used to analyze the mineralogical properties and sintering pot tests were used to study the sintering behavior. In addition, a grey correlation mathematical model was used to …

The influence of ore composition on sinter phase mineralogy …

This study using natural ores combines in situ X-ray diffraction experiments in model sinter systems with laboratory-based compact sinter tests to examine the links between iron ore composition and sintering conditions and their effects on sinter strength. Results help to establish the critical compositional and thermal parameters that control ...

Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and Aluminum (SFCA) Iron Ore Sinter …

The formation of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) and SFCA-I iron ore sinter phases during heating and cooling of synthetic iron ore sinter mixtures in the range 298 K to 1623 K (25 ...

The influence of ore composition on sinter phase mineralogy …

The levels of Fe, SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, MgO and other elements, together with the nature of the minerals in the fine ore and associated sintering conditions play a major role in …

Effect of Silica Content on Iron Ore Sintering

During the iron ore sintering process, its SiO2 content considerably affects the sinter quality. In this study, the effect of SiO2 content on iron ore sintering indexes was studied, with mineral composition and microstructure analyses. It was shown that the strength and reducibility of sintering products improved when SiO2 content increased. The sinter yield and …

Characterization of Iron Ore Sinter Samples by Automated SEM

Over the years, many schemes have been developed for characterizing iron ore sinter to classify primary sinter phases such as unreacted and partially reacted hematite and magnetite and secondary phases, including prismatic high-temperature silico-ferrite of calcium and alumina (SFCA), secondary hematite and magnetite, glass, larnite (dicalcium ...

Quantitative Analysis of Mineral Phases in Iron-ore Sinter …

Analysis techniques for quantifying crystal structures of mineral phases and their fractions in iron ore sinters have been developed using the Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns and …

Fundamentals of Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and …

The phase evolution during heating of two Al2O3-free mixtures designed to form the SFC iron ore sinter bonding phase was investigated using in-situ X-ray diffraction over the temperature range 293 ...

QUANTITATIVE XRD FOR ORE, SINTER, AND SLAG …

Annually, about 6.5 million tonnes of iron ore sinter are produced. The fuel consumption is ~60-kg coke or anthracite per tonne iron ore sinter. Small fuel saving (typically <1 kg per tonne of sinter) already represents a significant saving in energy and cost. The properties of an ideal iron ore sinter depend on the minerals phases.

Effect of increasing the proportion of high-alumina iron ore …

The silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium, known as SFCA phases, are considered the most favourable bonding phases in iron ore sintering due to their excellent characteristics, including high reducibility, stronger mechanical strength, and minimal reduction degradation. 11 These properties play an important role in influencing the productivity and …

Effect of Variation of Alumina on the Microhardness of Iron Ore Sinter

Iron ore sinter is a major feedstock material of blast furnaces, utilised extensively worldwide in the production of steel from iron ore. In the iron ore sintering process, iron ore fines (the <6. ...

Promoting the Utilization of High-Alumina Iron Ores During Sintering …

High-alumina iron ore sintering is characterized by poor sinter indices and high carbon emission due to the limited formation amount of liquid phase. In this study, the conventional Ca-bearing flux (i.e., burnt lime) was substituted by a new Ca-bearing flux with low melting point (i.e., prefabricated calcium ferrite) for the improvement of the formation ability of …

Variation in Iron Ore Sinter Mineralogy with Changes in …

The target basicity of iron ore sinter is set by blast furnace slag composition requirements, and therefore varies with the proportion of acid burden such as lump iron ore and pellets. Increasing the lump proportion of the burden will increase the target sinter basicity. The mineralogy of sinter produced with a range of basicity between 1.0 and 3.0 was analysed …

In situ X-ray diffraction analysis of iron ore sinter phases

In this process, a mixture of iron ore fines, flux, and coal particles is heated to about 1300 °C–1480 °C in a sinter bed. The strength and reducibility properties of iron ore sinter are obtained by liquid phase sintering. The silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) is the main bonding phase found in modern iron ore sinters.

Effects of Ilmenite Ore on Phase Development of Hematite Ore Sinter

The effects of adding 5 to 25 wt pct of ilmenite ore to hematite ore sinter were investigated employing a horizontal tube furnace to clarify the phase development. The temperature was raised nonisothermally at 10 °C/min to 1150 °C in an Ar atmosphere. When the target temperature was reached, 1 L/min of air was injected to allow combustion of the carbon …