Gypsum, mirabilite, and thenardite efflorescences of tuff …

The eflorescences are composed of mixed sulfates, including gypsum, mirabilite, and thenardite, whose development depends on the stone–environment interaction. The underground …

Visible to near-infrared reflectance and Raman spectra of …

Despite this, in VNIR spectra, gypsum and thenardite were the identifiable salts for AHSa and gypsum for AHSb. In Raman analysis, gypsum was also identifiable for both samples. Gypsum has been identified in situ on Mars, notably precipitating diagenetically in veins through outcrops (e.g., Nachon et al., 2014). In a system such as this, if ...

Thenardite

Thenardite as the anhydrous and stable phase of sodium sulfate and its properties will be presented. Occurrence Both ... The mixed system Na + – Ca 2+ – SO 4 2-: The precipitation of gypsum takes place first during re …

Experiments on mechanical properties of salt rocks under …

The UCSs of thenardite and gypsum are 16.3 and 14.6 MPa, respectively. The maximum strain at the peak strength of rock salt (halite) is much greater than those of the other three rocks. The elastic moduli of halite, thenardite, glauberite and gypsum are 3.0, 4.2, 5.1 and 6.8 GPa, respectively. Under cyclic loading, the peak strengths of the ...

Gypsum: Properties, production and applications | Request …

Gypsum is the most common sulfate mineral on earth and is commonly associated with halite, anhydrite, sulfur, calcite and dolomite in recent coastal (sabkha or salina) and/or continental (playa ...

Gypsum, mirabilite, and thenardite efflorescences of tuff …

Thenardite is unambiguously, but indirectly determined by re-crystallizing a sample and observing the abnormal interference colors, which occur when mirabiltite is identified in its high hydrate form.

Multitechnique characterization of secondary minerals near …

These secondary minerals, encompassing calcite, silica speleothems, gypsum, and thenardite, commonly originate as a consequence of seepage waters infiltrating the lava tube system, dissolving ...

Sodium sulphate deposits of Neogene age: the Kirmir …

About 100 samples of gypsum, glauberite, thenardite, carbonate and borate rocks were studied petrographically in large-sized thin sections, and analysed by XRD. The samples …

PRECIPITATION OF LAUMONTITE WITH QUARTZ, …

scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron microprobe analyses show thenardite to be the dominant phase in the exterior coatings, in association with minor microcrystalline «50 /Lm) laumontite and gypsum. Macrocrystalline (> I mm) laumontite is the dominant phase in interior fracture coatings and is associated

(PDF) Thenardite after mirabilite deposits as a cool climate …

(a) Thenardite crystal under a thin section (crossed nicols) with a splintery fracture along cleavage planes. (b) Photomicrograph of idiomorphic crystals of glauberite (Gl) cemented by halite (Ha ...

Spectral properties of Ca-sulfates: Gypsum, bassanite, and …

Gypsum and bassanite spectra exhibit characteristic and distinct triplet bands near 1.4–1.5 μm, a strong band near 1.93–1.94 μm, and multiple features near 2.1–2.3 μm attributed to H 2 O. Anhydrite, bassanite, and gypsum all have SO 4 combination and overtone features from 4.2–5 μm that are present in reflectance spectra.

Thénardite: Mineral information, data and …

Thenardite was named by J.L. Casaseca in 1826 and published both in French and English. In both articles, the mineral name was without the accent mark, even though the family name Thénard is spelled with an accent.

(a) Thenardite crystal under a thin section (crossed nicols) …

As gypsum leads to a larger volume than thenardite during precipitation, we propose that the volume expansion develops the raised rims of polygons as pressure ridges. View

(PDF) Geochemistry of Evaporite Ores in an Earth-Scale …

Not exploited (4 mt) (Bowser et al., 1970) Thenardite, small deposit (1.2 mt) in upper member of Rodeo Fm. hosted in clay, shale, gypsum, and volcanic ash (Garrett, 2001) Mirabilite, halite. Four 'mineralized levels' (beds) containing multiple lenses (several meters long and up to 10 cm thick) associated with similar-sized lenses gypsum ...

[PDF] Gypsum, mirabilite, and thenardite efflorescences of …

The efflorescences are composed of mixed sulfates, including gypsum, mirabilite, and thenardite, whose development depends on the stone–environment interaction. The …

Gypsum: Meaning, Properties, and Benefits You Should …

Gypsum with Thaumasite: It has a unique color combination, generally white and blue. This combo promotes clarity of intellect and intuitive insights. Gypsum-Thenardite: The crystal pair's vibrant mix of Gypsum's pure whites and Thenardite's soft yellows are said to purify and uplift your space's energy.

Efflorescence, subflorescence, and crust weathering …

In the H2SO4 acid leaching test, efflorescence pattern was the most likely type of decay in yellow and cyan sandstones. Thenardite was the exclusive salt in the yellow sandstone, while gypsum was the mainly salt in the cyan sandstone. Gypsum crust and subflorescence were the most common types of decay for gray sandstone.

SEM micrographs (at 5000×) of sample 5NS showing: (a) gypsum…

Download scientific diagram | SEM micrographs (at 5000×) of sample 5NS showing: (a) gypsum; (b) thenardite; and (c) AH3. from publication: Effect of Alkaline Salts on Calcium Sulfoaluminate ...

THENARDITE 정의 및 의미 | Collins 영어 사전

Thenardite and calcite are also present mainly along the icerock interface. Nobuyuki NAKAI, Yoshihiko MIZUTANI, Hideki WADA 1977, ' Volcanic Events of Ross Island, ... The cored sediments were found to contain layered salt concretions composed of gypsum, thenardite and calcite. Nobuyuki NAKAI, Yoshihiko MIZUTANI 1977, ' Geological History of ...

Thenardite

Thenardite is a sodium sulfate salt (Na 2 SO 4) usually found together with other sulfate salts such as mirabilite or Glauber's salt (Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O), glauberite (Na 2 Ca(SO 4) 2), bloedite or astrakanite (Na 2 Mg(SO 4) 2 ·4H 2 O), or burkeite (Na 6 (CO 3)(SO 4) 2).. Sodium sulfate deposits can be classified into three main groups: lacustrine; podogenic; and those …

Th´enardite Na2SO4

Occurrence: Typically in lacustrine (salt and soda lake) evaporite deposits in arid regions, also as crusts and efflorescences, which may be ephemeral, in a wide range of geologic …

An Investigation of the Selenium Concentration in …

O (s, gypsum) + 2NaCl 2 (aq.). The liquid and precipitated gypsum were then centrifuged to concentrate the gypsum. The gypsum was separated from the solution and dried. The solution was evaporated to dryness in the oven, producing a product that is mostly salt (NaCl). The gypsum and salt were then pressed into pellets and analyzed for selenium ...

Sulfate mineral | Types, Properties & Uses | Britannica

thenardite colourless; reddish, grayish, yellowish, or yellow brown vitreous to resinous 2½–3 2.7 name habit fracture or cleavage ... The sulfate anions generated by oxidation processes may also react with calcium carbonate rocks to form gypsum, CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O. Sulfates formed by the oxidation of primary sulfides include antlerite ...

ROCK PIGEON CAVE, COLORADO: DEVELOPMENT AND …

gypsum, thenardite, and blodite. Stable sulfur isotope measurements were conducted at the University of Waterloo En - vironmental Isotope Laboratory using a Costech Instruments Elemental Analyzer (CHNS-O ECS 4010) coupled to an Isochrom Continuous Flow Stable Isotope Ratio Mass spectrom. δ 34 S results with respect to the Canyon Diablo Troilite

Precipitation of Laumontite with Quartz, Thenardite, and Gypsum …

X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron microprobe analyses show thenardite to be the dominant phase in the exterior coatings, in association with minor microcrystalline (<50 μm) laumontite and gypsum. Macrocrystalline (>1 mm) laumontite is the dominant phase in interior fracture coatings and is associated ...

Salt damage and microclimate in the Postumius Tomb, …

The presence of gypsum, halite, and thenardite in the Postumius Tomb indicates the multicomponent nature of the solution, so that very marked increases of the gypsum solubility should not be expected. The little damage that is produced by gypsum is generated during the growth of gypsum crystals, and is less significant than that caused by other ...

Thénardite: Mineral information, data and …

Thenardite was named by J.L. Casaseca in 1826 and published both in French and English. In both articles, the mineral name was without the accent mark, even though the family name Thénard is spelled with an accent. ... ⓘ Camp Verde …

Th´enardite Na2SO4

Th´enardite Na2SO4 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystals dipyramidal {111},or tabular {010} with large {101}, rarely prismatic along [100], to 20 cm; as pulverulent crusts and

Minerals in Ohio

Type of mineral occurrence: gypsum crystals, ironstone septaria The Crystal King in Ohio Caverns is one of the largest and most perfectly formed stalactites in the world. It has been in the process of forming over 250,000 years and currently measures 4 feet, 9.5 inches tall.

The Mineral thenardite

It is similar to Mirabilite, a chemically similar mineral to Thenardite that, unlike Thenardite, contains water in its structure. Mirabilite is an unstable mineral, and will dehydrate and lose its water when exposed to air, thereby changing to Thenardite. These altered specimens are in fact Thenardite pseudomorphs after Mirabilite.

Mystical Minerals: Unveiling the Elemental Secrets of …

Finally, the fourth category contains minerals that clear Heat and detoxify the body: Gypsum, thenardite, chalcanthite, borax, niter, calcite, hydrocerussite, halite, realgar, orpiment, cinnabar, etc. Gypsum in TCM. Out of all the minerals used in TCM, one of the most commonly used is Gypsum (Shi Gao Shi Gao). Gypsum is calcium sulfate.

THENARDITE (Sodium Sulfate)

Thenardite is one of several non-marine evaporite Sulfate Class minerals. It is easily dissolvable in water and specimens should be stored with desiccant. Sulfates in general tend to be more soluble than most of the other mineral classes and simple sodium salts, such as thernardite, are always soluble. As one might imagine, thenardite forms in arid regions as a salty precipitate as …

Volume 81, Issue 8 | Environmental Earth Sciences

Gypsum, mirabilite, and thenardite efflorescences of tuff stone in the underground environment. Luigi Germinario; Chiaki T. Oguchi; Thematic Issue Open access 12 April 2022 Article: 242 Part of 2 collections: Building Stones and Geomaterials through History and Environments – from Quarry to Heritage. ...

The XRD pattern of thenardite (phases III and V

XRD results after sedimentation-separation show that the weathered samples contain soluble salts such as gypsum, thenardite, etc, but little soluble salts are detected in the unweathered core samples.