Witwatersrand Gold FieldsGeology, Genesis, and Exploration …

Gold has been produced from seven major gold fields located around the northern and western margin of the 350-km-long Witwatersrand basin. Each gold field consists of one …

Gold Fields South Deep Gold Mine

South Deep Gold Mine is a world-class bulk mechanised mining operation located in the Witwatersrand Basin, near Westonaria 50km south-west of Johannesburg, South Africa's commercial capital. The mine has been built …

Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Gauteng)

Witwatersrand, ridge of gold-bearing rock mostly in Gauteng Province, South Africa.Its name means "Ridge of White Waters, in Afrikaans."The highland, which forms the watershed between the Vaal and Limpopo rivers, is about 100 km …

Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Gauteng)

The tailing dumps of the gold mines stretch the entire length of the ridge, and chains of lakes created by water pumped from the mines occupy adjoining valleys. Two major theories-the placer model and the hydrothermal model …

Witwatersrand Basin Project (WBP)

Witwatersrand Basin Project (WBP) Located within the world-renowned Witwatersrand Basin which has historically produced over 1.5 billion ounces of gold (over 40,000 metric tons), representing about 22% of all the gold accounted for above surface. Mt Cecelia Project Highly prospective and strategically located in the Paterson Province approx. 70kms west of Rio …

Valorisation of mine waste -Part I: Characteristics of, and …

A prominent example are the Witwatersrand gold mine tailings in South Africa, which have been reused in small-scale projects. Tailing reutilisation is only possible if a sound classification ...

Chapter 31: Geologic Evidence of Syngenetic Gold in the Witwatersrand …

Most active mines that extract gold from the Witwatersrand Basin suffer from high operational costs linked to the ever-increasing depths of the remaining resources, structural complexities or ...

Algorithmic Optimization of an Underground Witwatersrand-Type Gold Mine

We selected one of the Witwatersrand Basin gold mines as a case study through analysis of data from a 2-year business plan that contains details of monthly production planning data per panel. It should be borne in mind that, like all optimization problems involving multiple interacting variables, optimization of an underground mine is not a one ...

The impact of gold mining on the Witwatersrand on the …

The Witwatersrand has been subjected to geological exploration, mining activities, parallel industrial development and associated settlement patterns over the past century.The gold mines brought with them not only development, employment and wealth, but also the most devastating war in the history of South Africa, civil unrest, economical inequality, social …

South Africa

South Africa - Diamonds, Gold, Imperialism: South Africa experienced a transformation between 1870, when the diamond rush to Kimberley began, and 1902, when the South African War ended. Midway between these dates, in 1886, the world's largest goldfields were discovered on the Witwatersrand. As the predominantly agrarian societies of European …

Witwatersrand Gold Deposits

Here is some history of the Witwatersrand Gold Style Ore Deposits as they related to South Africa since the arrival of the Dutch and the southernmost tip of the continent in 1652.

Gold in South Africa: Lessons from the Apartheid Era

Gold in South Africa had been very much the country's life blood. Footnote 14 Given South Africa's abundant gold resources and low labour costs of imported workers Footnote 15 from all over Southern Africa, it could profitably mine to depths of 3 km and more and yet mines still remained profitable. It was the well-known combination of cheap imported labour, …

Witwatersrand Gold Rush | The Famous South African Gold …

A brief overview of the history and development of Witwatersrand, the famous gold mine of South Africa. With photos, facts, and figures about its impact on the growth of the region, the history …

Critical Challenges of Acid Mine Drainage in South Africa's

Acid mine drainage in the Witwatersrand gold mines is generated both in the deep interconnected mine voids left by more than a century of mining and in the surface mine residue deposits (waste rock and tailings) created by the mining, milling and processing of the ores. These mines are situated across a Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary basin ...

(PDF) Gold, War and South Africa: A Postcolonial History of the Gold

By 1899 all of the leading mining companies investing in the Witwatersrand gold mines were registered on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and had established their company headquarters in the City of London (Lukasiewicz, 2011: 48). From 1886, when gold was first discovered on the Witwatersrand, to 1899, when the South African War broke out, the ...

Witwatersrand Basin Project, Gauteng, South …

The Witwatersrand Basin gold mine in South Africa's Gauteng Province is expected to start production in 2022. Project Type. Underground mine. Producer of. Gold. Reserves. 25.91Mt. Life of Mine. 25 years. Start of …

Thermal properties of stratified rocks from …

particularly relevant in the Witwatersrand gold mining areas where mining levels are expected to approach 5000 m. Fortunately, the Witwatersrand Basin is one of the better-studied regions in the world from a geothermal perspective. Several investigations conducted between the late 1930s and late 1970s, for both geodynamic reasons and mine

Discovery of the Gold in 1884 | South African History Online

The first recorded discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand was made by Jan Gerrit Bantjes in June 1884, on the farm Vogelstruisfontein, and was followed soon thereafter, in …

The formation of gold deposits in South Africa | ScienceDaily

The Witwatersrand basin in South Africa hosts the largest known gold repository on Earth -- but how was it formed? Scientists were able to figure out how parts of the Earth's largest gold deposits ...

Introduction to South African Deep-Level Gold and Platinum Mining

The first large mining company, the Witwatersrand Gold Mining Company, was established in the same year . The discovery of gold has shaped and impacted South Africa's recent history in a profound way; for example, through the development of cities and towns such as Johannesburg, Klerksdorp, Carletonville, Barberton and Pilgrims Rest [ 2 ].

Mining seismicity in the Witwatersrand Basin: monitoring, mechanisms

Historically, gold has been one of the most sought after precious metals for jewellery and coinage. It is estimated that between one third to half of total global gold production (165 000 tons) has come from one of the world's largest sedimentary deposits located at the southern tip of Africa, i.e. the Witwatersrand Basin (Handley, 2004).In spite of the ongoing …

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West Wits Mining is focused on the exploration, development and production of high value precious and base metals. View more info here. ... located in the proven gold region of Central Rand Goldfield in South Africa …

The Underground Route to Mining: Afrikaners and the Witwatersrand Gold

The role of American mining technology and American mining engineers in the Witwatersrand gold mining industry 1890–1910. South African Journal of Economic History, Vol. 20, Issue. 2, p. South African Journal of Economic History, Vol. 20, Issue. 2, p.

The Witwatersrand Basin and Its Gold Deposits: Methods …

The location of Lindum TSF is located 4.2 km south of the Dump 20 TSF which was studied by Zhang et al. (2023) (Fig. 1b). The Witwatersrand Basin is famous for its gold endowment, having produced ...

Acid Mine Drainage from Gold Mining in South Africa

A SAVMIN demonstration plant was erected at the Witwatersrand gold mines in the western basin that treated 500 m 3 of gold mine water at throughputs of up to 1100 L/hr. The dissolved sulphates and metals were removed to very low levels in the treated water. The dissolved metals and sulphate content met the target water quality for the three ...

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The Witwatersrand Basin holds the world's largest known gold reserves and has produced over 1.5 billion ounces (over 40,000 metric tons), which represents about 22% of all the gold accounted for above the surface.

Kloof Gold Mine, Witwatersrand Basin, Gauteng Province, …

The Kloof gold mine is an ultra-deep underground gold mining and processing operation located in the Gauteng province of South Africa. EB. ... Witwatersrand Basin, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Gold Production. 352,000oz (2020) Gold Reserves. 4.7Moz. Owner/ Operator. Sibanye-Stillwater. Mine Life. Until 2033.

Witwatersrand | South Africa, Map, & History | Britannica

Witwatersrand, ridge of gold-bearing rock mostly in Gauteng province, South Africa.Its name means "Ridge of White Waters." The highland, which forms the watershed between the Vaal and Limpopo rivers, is about 62 miles (100 km) long and 23 miles (37 km) wide; its average elevation is about 5,600 feet (1,700 metres). Its rich gold deposits, occurring in conglomerate beds …

Cornish Miners and the Witwatersrand Gold Mines in …

Cornish Miners and the Witwatersrand Gold Mines in South Africa, c. 1890-1904 Introduction The economy and society of southern Africa was greatly altered by two developments in the

Witwatersrand Gold FieldsGeology, Genesis, and Exploration | Gold …

The Witwatersrand gold fields of South Africa account for more than a third of the world's total gold production since mining started there in 1886: 48,000 t Au. These gold fields dominated production throughout the twentieth century, but production peaked at 1,000 t in 1970 and has steadily declined since that time.

Top 10 Gold Mines in South Africa

08: Doornkop Gold Mine – 896Koz. The Doornkop gold mine, also operated by Harmony Gold, is a mature, deep-level single-shaft operation (reaching 2,219m), located 30kms west of Johannesburg. Its remaining life is currently 14 years. Located on the northwestern rim of the Witwatersrand Basin, the Doornkop gold mine is concentrated on the South ...

How much gold is there left to mine in the world?

Gold mine production totalled 3,531 tonnes in 2019, 1% lower than in 2018, according to the World Gold Council. This is the first annual decline in production since 2008. ... Witwatersrand ...

South Africa | OPERATIONS | Gold Fields

South Deep: Among mines with the largest mineral reserves in the world At 3km underground, South Deep in South Africa's Witwatersrand Basin is one of the deepest mines in the world. …

All that glitters... Acid mine drainage: The toxic …

Scientists estimate the volume of acid mine drainage from abandoned mines in the Witwatersrand goldfields alone could reach 350 million liters per day, threatening the Vaal River and Limpopo River watersheds that …

Largest Gold Deposits in the World – Witwatersrand Gold …

The gold fields of the Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa are, by a landslide, the largest single gold producing district in the world. It has produced some 2 billion ounces over a century of mining and at an average grade of 15 g/t Au with a current head grade of 6-10 g/t Au and they still have …

Witwatersrand Basin – Hartbeespoort, South Africa

The mines in the Witwatersrand Basin are some of the deepest in the world, tunneling miles below the surface. The deepest mine, Mponeng, tunnels 2.5 miles below the surface, and houses the world ...

Witwatersrand Gold Deposits

The future of the Witwatersrand gold mines. This financial, social and political squeeze has been going on for many years now and this is reflected in South Africa steadily shrinking share of the world gold production from a dominant 70% in the 1960s down to just 7% in 2011. So do the South African Witwatersrand gold fields have a future?

Valorisation of mine waste

For example, the Witwatersrand gold mine tailings contain economically viable concentrations of gold, uranium and rare earth elements, the latter of which has become increasingly critical globally due to their key role in modern electronics, renewable energy generation and storage, aerospace, automotive and defence (e.g., European Commission ...